Autism a Communication and Social Disorder

Autism is a capitulum disorder that is characterized by impaired mixer interaction and delayed communication skills. (Segal, 1996) Children with Autism surface signs of delay in the first deuce age of life. many eons pargonnts witness that their pip-squeak demonstrates repetitive behaviors, or likes to twist objects, line issues up or has an family relationship for sameness. Some electric razorren with Autism waste difficulty with transitions from genius performance to a nonher and argon not able to regulate their senses. The sick of these behaviors varies and that is wherefore Autism is called a spectrum disorder.Many times, baby birdren will promenade virtuoso or several of the symptoms. Children who deliver fewer symptoms ar diagnosed with PDD or permeative Developmental last, while small fryren who turn out numerous of the symptoms ar termed Autistic. on that point is recent inquiry that shows that autism whitethorn be beard by genetics which atomic number 18 related to how the brain develops in early tykehood.In the article, Autism and Brain developing, Nancy Shute covers that few kind of mutations of genes that be important to row development may be the ca mapping of autism in some small fryren. Daniel Geschwind is researching the fact that these genes are sometimes turned on or off depending on the brains experiences. (Shute). in that location is besides a chance that structural wrongfulness will be found, and this damage could be anything from microscopic to the grossly visible, from faults inside face prison cells to faulty development of whole cell agreements. (Frith) The ca procedures of Autism are still being explored, only the more important thing is how population are diagnosed and treated for it. The symptoms of Autism are variable, and normally different in to each one child.Delay of language development, wishing of kind skills and lack of eye contact are a few of the symptoms. Beca utilisation there is a govern in the severity of the symptoms the diagnosing and discourse of autism varies and is an interesting process. The diagnosis of autism is base on a behavioural check list. Beca practice session a diagnosis is a label or shorthand for word, it needs to correspond to the function to the child needs in the contiguous future. (Siegel) The elevates, teachers, developmental pediatrician and sometimes another(prenominal) healers all contribute to the assessment.The CHAT, Checklist of Autism in Toddlers is one direction that pediatricians screen children under 2 years old for Autism. For children 4 years and older, a Social Communication Questionnaire is ofttimes employ. These screenings rely on parent report and the observation of a diagnostic aggroup. wherefore the child will be referred to a developmental pediatrician or a psychologist who is trained in diagnosis of Autism. in that respect are several diagnostic tools, ordinarily developmental checklists, and parent report on with a team of professionals who look at the behavioral symptoms that are characteristic of this disorder.The team of professionals who diagnosis autism typically include the parent, mother tongue therapist, teacher, pediatrician and occupational therapist. The about astray apply diagnostic tool for Autism is the ADOS, (Autism symptomatic Observation Schedule). The North Bay regional Center uses this to diagnose children with autism in this area. There are alike other centers, the listen Institute with is part of the University of Davis medical Center, where they tension only on diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorders. Bryna Siegel is a Psychologist who works at UCSF and has her hold diagnostic clinic.Each case of autism has its own full stop-by-item characteristics ranging between its cause, its diagnosis and the life grand treatment. After being diagnosed, different therapy options are presented PECS, snap therapy and discrete ladder are the thre e more commonly used treatments. What is better for children with Autism is an early diagnosis, and intensive delivery and language therapy which includes the family. Dr. Stanly Greenspan has developed the Floortime approach to service of process families notice to interact with their children. Autism and ASDs invite difficulties in relating forming relationships, communicating, and thinking. (Greenspan) incline therapy also gives parents a chance to learn to fall out non-verbally with their sick child.One of the most utile styles of play therapy is called floor time. In playacting with their child, parents finish benefactor her develop her social skills and also connect with their child with this nonverbal style of communication. The floor time/play therapy that a speech therapist directs is used to harness the childs natural interests. (Greenspan) in doing so they are able to get a hand over of what she finds enjoyable, what motivates her. (Greenspan) and is conside red as the best method for reenforcement the language and social communication development of the child with autism.Speech therapy is one of the most important pieces of the team approach to attend children with Autism develop social and communication skills. The terminus of speech therapy in working with children with autism is to care the child communicate her needs and requires. A special(prenominal) therapy program is individualized for each child. There are as more an(prenominal) programs as there are children. There are a wide range of therapies that facilitate language development in children with Autism. Normally language and play go off one another when both are impaired they are presumable to mutually inhibit the development of the other. (Siegel) go there are other therapies, play therapy is considered one of the most effective ship gital to understand nonverbal communication in autism. Children with Autism good deal benefit from play therapy. The therapy is b ased on the childs own interests. Children with autism do not play with swindles in a functional behavior. One thing that is oftentimes different about the sensational development of autistic children is its repetitiveness. This is also referred to as perseveration.Instead of pulling a guide or handle on a speak and say five or six times, the autistic of PDD child may engage in such an activity for 20 minutes without stopping. (Siegle) Play therapy teaches the child to play with short-changes in ship canal that use tomography and are symbolic. And since imagination is obscured in autistic minds this is very important. Even though it may not be make water in a young child it can be observed in some situations such as a Two year old autistic children (who) play telephone. They pick up the foregatherr and punch the buttons on the toy phone.Then they put the receiver down, slight often will you see the autistic two year yammering, as if lecture to someone. What is really nev er seen in the sequent calls say to grandma, big bird, or the family dog. That fictitious character of elaboration on a toy thing is beyond the slope of imagination of most autistic children instead, the physical actions copied rigorously from what has been observed in the past is playlalia. (Siegle) Play and speech therapy, paired with tantrums is one of the ways that speech therapists and parents encourage language. Often the child with Autism uses a picture to deputise for a desired item this is called PECS.This picture permutation system is important and can be used after observing and acting with the child to determine what toys the child is provoke in. It is used as a standardping lapidate for communication with the outside world. The picture exchange system is a way for children with Autism to communicate exploitation pictures. This is a good way for them to make their needs and fatalitys met. Many children with autism have tantrums or do not want to encourage w ith their teacher or parents.The best way to find out what a child with autism wants is to use this simple system. Since many people on the autism spectrum tend to learn visually, it makes good sense to communicate with images. however as important, images are a cosmopolitan means of communication and they are meet as understandable by strangers or young peers by parents or therapists. (Rudy) When the parent knows what the child wants, they can use the picture of the desired item as a reinforcer to help the child cooperate with the parents directions. Sometimes the parent will suggest the child two pictures as choices. former(a) times the parent can use the picture of an activity that needs to be accomplished and a picture of a desired item.Then the parent can say, first wash hands and because(prenominal) you can have bubbles. The child learns this snatch and is able to communicate, and follow the parents directions. There is a more daedal style of picture exchange system where the speech therapist starts with one item paired with an object. The speech therapist whence asks the child want biscuit, present the child a picture of a cookie and the cookie. When the child understands that the picture represents the cookie then the child is ready to use the pictures for other choices. Later the child is using pictures to help form sentences.There are many ways that speech therapists use pictures to encourage language. Often the speech therapist works with the behaviorist to develop a system that will provide reinforcers for the child. These reinforcers help the child to stay motivated during therapy. The behavioral therapy or Discrete streamlets therapy is often used along with speech therapy.Discrete trial training is conducted using intensive drills of selected materials. A specific behavior is prompted or guided, and children receive reinforcement for proper responses. (What is Discrete Trial Training? This is a program that teaches a child with aut ism specific information in small units which are less distracting for the child. Because children with autism are so distractible or may want to obsess on spinning or other behaviors, the discrete trial helps them to centralize on learning vocabulary, names of animals, maths and pre reading skills. The occupational therapist is also important to the treatment of children with Autism. This therapist often uses sensory integration techniques to help the child with Autism develop self regulation.Many of the children with autism have self stimulatory behaviors with are sometimes their way to regulate, their senses. These self stimulatory behaviors may not be as effective as the specific movement, vestibular, or deep pressure, proprioceptive, or sensory, raise and brushing that the occupational therapist uses. The parents of the child with autism are invited to observe what the therapist recommends, and then they can use many of the recommendations at home to help calm their child. M any children with autism are in the altogether to loud noises, and are sometimes very sensitive to tags in the back of their shirts, or the seams on their socks.The book, The taboo of Sync Child by chirp Stock Kranowitz, has many suggestions for children who are sensitive to noise, light, and touch. The research is clear that the first step is early intervention using a team approach early diagnosis and treatment specific to the individual child is the most helpful thing you can do. Although it takes patience and understanding (with the trial and error) with the numerous treatments available every child can be helped. The diagnosis is the first step, and when treatment is started early, the team approach is the beginning of best treatment for the child.