Ferdinand de Saussure Essay

The origin of LanguageFeatures of LanguageKnowledge of LanguagephilologyBranches of linguisticsApproaches to Linguistic StudiesSchools of LinguisticsTHE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGEThe divine etymonThe natural sound blood line o Primitive wordso Cuckoo, splash, rattle, hiss, buzzoBow-wow theory of lyric poem origin.The social fundamental interaction sourceThe physical adaptation sourceThe tool-making sourceThe genetic sourceoChild information AutomaticoDeaf children Fluent users of sign row innateness hypothesisowe are born with a capacity for speaking/using style(See Yule, Ch.1 Fromkin et al., Ch.6)MAJOR FEATURES OF HUMAN LANGUAGE1-Communicative function of dustup is to communicate2-Vocal valet de chambre vocal organs are utilize3-Human sophisticated use of quarrel is unique to human species 4-Social it s used by the members of a community5-Natural t is a natural phenomena6-Changeable it can and will change roll time7-Rule-governed there are governing bodyatic rules in it.8-Product of mind it is the output of mental operation9-Arbitrary no systematic relationship between coordinate and centre 10-Creative language is used creativelyMINOR FEATURES OF LANGUAGE1-Language , unless recorded, wing away the movement we speak it. 2-Self- chatter is a form of language3-We talk in our minds inner speech4-We can not help tho to process and understand what we hear. 5-Language can be used by virtually to xert their power over others. 6-Language is used for cultural preservation and transmission . 7-Language is change not monolithic.8-The direction of changes in language is not predictable.9-Language is personal as well as social.10-Language is a means for mental and social development.11-Language is a predictor of social identity.12-Language reveals patterns of how mind works.13-All languages have the same potential for developmentKNOWLEDGE OF LANGUAGEI know English.Produce individual sounds and trust them (Phonetics & Phonology)Form and dividi ng words (Morphology)Combine these words into phrases and sentences (Syntax)Understand the meaning of words, phrases and utterances (Semantics)Use the language appropriately in different contexts (Pragmatics).Language is an whimsical and changeable set of vocal symbols which are cognitively formulated, and socially used for human natural communication.Linguistic knowledge is knowledge about language which is acquired unconsciously. linguistics Linguistics is the scientific or logical examination of both aspect and property of language including the influences of language on any bowl of life.BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICSMICRO-LINGUISTICSPhonetics (Fonetik)Phonology (Ses Bilimi)Morphology (Dil Bilimi)Syntax (Sz dizimi)Semantics (Anlam Bilim)MACRO-LINGUISTICSPragmaticsSociolinguisticsHistorical-linguisticsPsycholinguisticsNeurolinguisticsAnthropological Linguistics utilize LinguisticsAPPROACHES TO LINGUISTIC STUDIESDescriptive-PrescriptiveDiachronic-SynchronicReference GrammarTeaching Gra mmarTheoretical GrammarSCHOOLS OF LINGUISTICSTraditional LinguisticsBased on study of LatinApplied to other languages, e.g. English, French19th C. Jacob Grimm, Max Mller, Henry bracingStructural LinguisticsFerdinand De SaussureLinguistics features as abstract system governing speechLangue and paroleWhile language is regarded as language system stored in the mind of its speakers, parole is conceived as the actual language behaviorTransformational-Generative GrammarChomskyEvery language has a finite set of rules to create infinite number of sentences Phrase body structure rules and generative rulesDeep structure and surface structureStructure over meaningCompetence and performance.